{"id":1021553,"date":"2022-05-23T16:39:44","date_gmt":"2022-05-23T14:39:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.otthydromet.com\/?p=1021553"},"modified":"2022-06-02T15:43:36","modified_gmt":"2022-06-02T13:43:36","slug":"river-level-monitoring-lowers-bridge-scour-risk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.otthydromet.com\/en\/river-level-monitoring-lowers-bridge-scour-risk\/","title":{"rendered":"River level monitoring lowers bridge scour risk"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1021553\" class=\"elementor elementor-1021553\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4796efde elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4796efde\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7fb1e7b0\" data-id=\"7fb1e7b0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d49cc5 elementor-drop-cap-yes elementor-drop-cap-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7d49cc5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;drop_cap&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Engineers at Transport Scotland have investigated the potential for water level monitoring systems to help mitigate risks where transport infrastructure interacts with moving water.\u00a0The trial was conducted at a bridge over Vales Burn near Hawick in Scotland, and the monitoring equipment was provided by OTT HydroMet.<\/p><p>Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of extreme weather events such as storms and floods. This presents a growing threat to structures that could be susceptible to scour during periods of high water flow. The trial was therefore established to determine whether access to remote water level measurements could enhance the protection of critical transport infrastructure.<\/p><p>OTT HydroMet\u2019s Wendy Strain says: \u2018The system was set to deliver alarms at pre-set water levels, which enhanced the timing and efficiency of site inspections.\u2019<\/p><h3>Background<\/h3><p>The stability and integrity of structures such as bridges, culverts and walls can be compromised by \u2018bridge scour\u2019 which is caused by fast-flowing water that removes material from around the footings of bridge abutments or piers.<\/p><p>There are three main types of scour. Local scour is caused by the faster water flow that occurs around piers and abutments. Constriction scour is created by water accelerating through a narrow opening, and degradation scour can lower a river bed over a longer period, both upstream and downstream of a structure.<\/p><p>The effects of bridge scour can be disastrous. For example, during a flood in 1987, the Glanrhyd Bridge in Carmarthenshire partially collapsed, causing a train to plunge into the River Towy, killing the driver and three of the passengers. In 2009, failure of the Malahide Viaduct in Dublin, Ireland was caused by foundation scour.<\/p><p>Two commuter trains packed with hundreds of passengers were just seconds away from disaster when a 20-metre section of the viaduct collapsed after they passed over it. Nobody was killed, but travel chaos ensued.<br \/>Today, highways and rail authorities conduct regular inspections in order to asses scour risk.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e48b71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7e48b71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.otthydromet.com\/en\/Ott\/p-ott-ecolog-1000\/5545000190-4D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"598\" height=\"646\" src=\"https:\/\/blog.otthydromet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Transport_Scotland_3.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1021556\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blog.otthydromet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Transport_Scotland_3.jpg 598w, https:\/\/blog.otthydromet.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Transport_Scotland_3-278x300.jpg 278w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 598px) 100vw, 598px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">OTT ecoLog 1000 data displayed on LinkComm.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4354c25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4354c25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Bridge scour in Scotland<\/h3><p>Transport Scotland is split into four operational regions, and Jim Brown is South East Unit Bridge Manager. Prior to this position, Jim spent 42 years as a civil engineer with Network Rail, 13 years of which he headed the geotechnical discipline in Scotland \u2013 so it is fair to say that Jim knows a thing or two about bridge scour. \u2018The most important objective is the early detection of increased risk\u2019 Jim explains. \u2018Once we have established which structures are more vulnerable during flooding, we are able to implement different levels of mitigation.<\/p><p>\u2018Much research has been undertaken in an attempt to be able to monitor scour, but this is obviously problematic because potential scour takes place at times when it is not possible to see the riverbed and certainly not possible to deploy divers\u2019 Jim adds. \u2018For this reason, the continuous monitoring of water level is not the perfect solution, but may be the best and most practicable.\u2019<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-803bf2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-google_maps\" data-id=\"803bf2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"google_maps.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-custom-embed\">\n\t\t\t<iframe loading=\"lazy\"\n\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/maps.google.com\/maps?q=55%C2%B022%2759.9%22N%202%C2%B052%2708.3%22W&#038;t=m&#038;z=15&#038;output=embed&#038;iwloc=near\"\n\t\t\t\t\ttitle=\"55\u00b022&#039;59.9&quot;N 2\u00b052&#039;08.3&quot;W\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"55\u00b022&#039;59.9&quot;N 2\u00b052&#039;08.3&quot;W\"\n\t\t\t><\/iframe>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-177e32c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"177e32c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Water level is already used as a risk factor by the inspection teams where the 1 in 200 flood level is shown on structures by a fixed marker. However, Transport Scotland have to monitor 700 structures which are over or adjacent to water, and site inspections are costly; both financially and in resources. The inspection system could therefore be more efficient if it could be informed by remotely available water level data, especially if the data enables faster, more efficient implementation of mitigation measures.<\/p><p>If a structure is determined to be high risk, a hydrological assessment is undertaken. This may prompt a requirement for strengthening of the structure itself, as well as measures to protect or fill potential scour zones, and\/or to alter water flow and disrupt vortices. In extreme cases, when a potentially vulnerable structure is exposed to high water, it may be necessary to close highways or rail lines until the level of risk can be lowered.<\/p><h3>Vales Burn trial<\/h3><p>In light of the potential for live water level data to inform the bridge inspection process, OTT HydroMet was invited to propose a monitoring system that could be evaluated at a culvert on the Vales Burn. \u201cOur solution was comprised of an OTT ecoLog 1000 water level logger in a stilling well, with cellular data connection to Hydromet Cloud; a web-enabled platform for processing, displaying and storing hydrometeorological data,\u201d explains Wendy Strain. \u2018Data were set to be transmitted routinely every 6 hours, but two alarm levels were set to prompt SMS alerts, when necessary.\u2019<\/p><p>The monitoring system was installed in September 2021, and Jim Brown says: \u2018The trial is a great success; we utilise the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) flood alert warnings to monitor flooding and it has been our experience that the highest water levels generally occur about one or two days after a storm, so one of the main objectives of the trial was to determine the best time to despatch inspection staff.<\/p><p>\u2018The monitors did issue alerts during the trial, but these were when levels met the lower alarm level, and in these cases, further interventions were not required. With the benefit of water level data, we will therefore be able to optimise the deployment of the inspection teams and mitigate risk\u2019 Jim adds.<\/p><h3>Summary<\/h3><p>Bridge scour is a long-standing problem for transport infrastructure, so the deployment of remote water level monitors\/alarms that can be accessed via PCs or a mobile App offers rail and highway authorities an opportunity to optimise their scour assessment activities, prioritise countermeasures, improve transport resilience and protect safety.<br \/>Reflecting on the trial Jim says: \u2018This project has shown that a network of water level monitors could inform bridge engineers of potentially affected structures. I understand that the Hydromet Cloud platform is able to connect with an almost infinite number of water level monitors, so we may be able to roll this out on a larger scale in the future.\u2019<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72ff53e elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"72ff53e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6cf4663 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6cf4663\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>This article was originally published in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.railpro.co.uk\/railpro-magazine\/may-2022\/river-level-monitoring-lowers-bridge-scour-risk\">Rail Professional<\/a>. Do you want to learn more about water level monitoring near transport infrastructure? Reach out to us and our experts will be happy to share their findings with you.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-257c51a elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"257c51a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.otthydromet.com\/en\/contact\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Learn More<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Engineers at Transport Scotland have investigated the potential for water level monitoring systems to help mitigate risks where transport infrastructure interacts with moving water.\u00a0The trial was conducted at a bridge over Vales Burn near Hawick in Scotland, and the monitoring equipment was provided by OTT HydroMet. Climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":1021554,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,46],"tags":[614,362,138],"class_list":["post-1021553","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hydrology","category-meteorology","tag-bridges","tag-ecolog-1000","tag-groundwater"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>River level monitoring lowers bridge scour risk - OTT Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Transport Scotland evaluated water level monitoring systems to mitigate risks where transport infrastructure interacts with moving water.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.otthydromet.com\/en\/river-level-monitoring-lowers-bridge-scour-risk\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"River level monitoring lowers bridge scour risk - 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